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Participants Our goal was to recruit 800 overweight and obese subjects (400 at each site), of whom about 40% would be men. Participants had to be 30 to 70 years of age and have a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 25 to 40. gov number, NCT00072995. Abstract Background The possible advantage for weight loss of a diet that emphasizes protein, fat, or carbohydrates has not been established, and there are few studies that extend beyond 1 year. Other losses: Conditions such as burns can be associated with losses such as skin exudates. Lack of food can result from: poverty, difficulty in shopping or cooking, and poor quality meals. Figure 2 Mean Changes in Body Weight and Waist Circumference at Various Time Points. The project staff of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute also participated in the development of the protocol, monitoring of progress, interpretation of results, and critical review of the manuscript. Thus, we recognized the need for a large trial that would be designed to overcome the limitations of previous trials and that would compare the effects of three principal dietary macronutrients. Eating restrictions may also be imposed as part of treatment or investigations. There can also be losses from drains, including nasogastric tubes. Fungal illnesses, endocarditis, many parasitic diseases, AIDS, and some other subacute or occult infections may cause weight loss. Losses from the gastrointestinal can occur because of symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea, as well as fistulae and stomas. The primary outcome was the change in body weight after 2 years in two-by-two factorial comparisons of low fat versus high fat and average protein versus high protein and in the comparison of highest and lowest carbohydrate content. Media in This Article Poll Results Contributors Figure 1 Mean Change in Body Weight and Waist Circumference from Baseline to 2 Years According to Dietary Macronutrient Content. The diets consisted of similar foods and met guidelines for cardiovascular health. The crucial question is whether overweight people have a better response in the long term to diets that emphasize a specific macronutrient composition. ) Full Text of Discussion.
Weight loss issues related to specific diseases include. Poor appetite can be a direct symptom of an illness, or an illness could make eating painful or induce nausea. Intentional weight loss is commonly referred to as slimming. (ClinicalTrials. Inability to eat can result from: diminished consciousness or confusion, or physical problems affecting the arm or hands, swallowing or chewing. Intentional weight loss is the loss of total body mass as a result of efforts to improve fitness and health, or to change appearance through slimming. Patients who have uremia often have poor or absent appetite, vomiting and nausea. The diets improved lipid-related risk factors and fasting insulin levels. Cancers to suspect in patients with unexplained weight loss include gastrointestinal, prostate, hepatobilary ( hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer ), ovarian, hematologic or lung malignancies. Conclusions Reduced-calorie diets result in clinically meaningful weight loss regardless of which macronutrients they emphasize. Cardiovascular disease, especially congestive heart failure, may cause unexplained weight loss. Cancer, a very common and sometimes fatal cause of unexplained ( idiopathic ) weight loss. This can result from conditions that affect the digestive system. Changes to metabolic demands can be caused by illness, surgery and organ dysfunction. The participants were offered group and individual instructional sessions for 2 years. About one-third of unintentional weight loss cases are secondary to malignancy.
